Tuesday, March 1, 2016

P1(a) Ownership

Meaning & Purpose
Media ownership: 

Media ownership is when companies own and produce products. It is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organisations control the increasing shares of the mass media. Contemporary research demonstrates increasing levels of consolidation, with many media industries already highly concentrated and dominated by a very small number of firms.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_of_media_ownership


Conde Nast is Vogue's ownership, the headquarters of Conde Nast is set in New York City. Conde Nast has many numbers of publications, such as Glamour, GQ, Traveller, TATLER, BRIDES, GQ Style, HOUSE&GARDEN. Vogue magazine is just one of them. Conde Nast was set up in America, 1908.



Multination company:
Multination companies have global operations refers to the motivations and integration of business strategy, has engaged in production and business activities of branches in many countries, and placed in their large enterprise unified under a global business plan. Also known international companies or multinational companies.

Purpose:
Advance Publications is the parent company of Conde Nast, it would have some controls over the direction, and business decisions related to Conde Nast. Private companies often have either a very small number of company owners/ shareholders in comparison to publicly owned companies. Privately owned companies may be owned or controlled by a single owner of a family. This also means that the stocks/ shares are not available to the stock market exchanges to be purchased or sold in the public. Because Conde Nast is a subsidiary company of Advance Publication, it is more likely that it needs permission from the AP when making decisions.










P1(b) Operating model

Meaning and purpose:

Conde Nast publishing company's management structure has mainly taken Flat Management. For Conde Nast International group, the general manager and chief financial officer of the directors of all branches are reported directly to the president or vice president. All branches of the magazine's publisher and editor also report directly to the Managing Director. In the magazine's publishing process, production, distribution, marketing and publicity are centrally managed, only editorial and advertising departments are independently operated. This structure is not only ensures the local branch and its magazine editor able to follow their own ideas and concept to the free play, formed its own characteristics, but also to protect all of the publishing business activities are controlled by strict budget under control to ensure the company's healthy operation.



Anna Wintour 
Editor-in-chief (VOGUE)

Anna Wintour has held the position of Editor-in-Chief of Vogue since July 1988, and was named Artistic Director of Condé Nast in March 2013.  In addition to editing Vogue, Ms. Wintour executed the development and successful launch of Teen Vogue in 2001, and serves as Editorial Director for the title.
During her tenure at Vogue Ms. Wintour has been actively involved in philanthropic fundraising, particularly for the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute, for which she has raised more than $100 million. She has been the recipient of numerous awards for her leadership and charitable efforts, including the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) Lifetime Achievement Award, and the Award of Courage for AIDS Research from the American Foundation for AIDS Research (amFAR).
In 2008, for her service to British journalism and fashion, Ms. Wintour was appointed to the Order of the British Empire (OBE) by Queen Elizabeth II. In October 2009, President Obama appointed Ms. Wintour to the President’s Committee on the Arts and Humanities. Most recently, in 2011 she was awarded the Legion d’Honneur by French President Nicolas Sarkozy.  Ms. Wintour also serves as an Elective Trustee of The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Susan Plagemann
Chief Revenue Officer and Publisher
Susan Plagemann was named Chief Revenue Officer and Publisher of Vogue in January 2010. Her outstanding track record in building magazine brands has been pivotal to the development of the magazine. As a result, in 2015 she took the helm of Teen Vogue as publisher of The Vogue Group.
Vogue received the ASME Magazine of the Year Award in 2015, and in 2014, Ms. Plagemann was recognized with Condé Nast’s General Record Profit Award. In 2013, Vogue received the ASME General Excellence Award and Ms. Plagemann was recognized with Condé Nast’s first-ever Three-Year Plan Award for building record levels of profitability and growth from 2010 through 2012.
In 2012, Ms. Plagemann was named along with Vogue’s Editor-in-Chief, Anna Wintour, as #9 on Adweek’s Top 50.  Ms. Plagemann won both Condé Nast’s Publisher of the Year and the Outstanding Business Performance Award in 2011. 

From 2004 to 2009, Ms. Plagemann was Vice President and Publisher of Marie Claire, where she helped to reestablish the brand. She held the same role at Lifetime magazine from 2003 to 2004 and was Publisher of Cosmopolitan from 1999 to 2003. She was the Advertising Manager of Esquire in 1995 and was subsequently named Associate Publisher, Advertising. Ms. Plagemann began her career at Mademoiselle, where she held a variety of positions.



P1(c) Products

Meaning and purpose: 

Conde Nast produces lots of magazines, they are about fashion and lifestyle, home, travel, culture, food. Such as Vogue, GQ, GlAMOUR, Traveller,TATLER, HOUE&GARDEN, BRIDES, GQ Style, INTERIORS, johansens,WIRED, LOVE, CONDE NAST COLLEGE of FASHON&DIESIGN. Moreover, Conde Nast company launched Code Nast Entertainment in 2011 to develop film, television and digital video programming. Fair child Fashion Media and its portfolio of comprehensive fashion journalism brand also owns by Conde Nast, they're include WWD, Style.com, Footwear News, NowManifest, Beauty, M and Fairchild Summits.

Conde Nast has lots of products which is different type of magazine. They produce not only one products and try to make company stronger. If they only produce one product, other competitor might might produce a butter products and defeat them.






For the woman who wants style and substance in a chic, sophisticated publication, Brides and Brides.com deliver fresh ideas, expert advice and visually inspiring fashion, beauty and lifestyle features to help her tackle the next stage of her life.



Conde Nast Traveler, founded in 1987, is one of the most trusted names in travel. The magazine was established on a simple yet revolutionary principle: "Truth in Travel." With the goal of experiencing the world exactly as their readers do, its correspondents travel anonymously and pay their own way- unlike many related publications, which they often accept free fares and accommodations. This guiding principle allows for honest, fair reporting on all aspects of the industry, which is why there is no respected or trusted source than Conde Nast Traveler.


GQ has been the premier men's magazine for more than 50 years, providing definitive coverage of style and culture. GQ reaches millions of leading men each month. The only publication that speaks to all sides of the male equation, GQ is simply sharper and smarter.


The foundation of Vogue's leadership and authority is the brand's unique role as a cultural barometer for a global audience. Vogue places fashion in the context of culture and the world we live in - how we dress, live and socialise. Food, music and movies, which lead and inspires us. Vogue immerses itself in fashion, always leading readers to what will happen next. Thought provoking, relevant and always influential, Vogue defines the culture of fashion. 




WIRED makes sense of a world in constant transformation. We tell an ongoing adventure story, the invention of the future. The WIRED conversation illuminates how technology is changing every aspect of our lives, from culture to business, science to design. The breakthroughs and innovations that we cover lead to new ways of thinking, connections and new industries. 



With a dedication to journalistic excellence, luminous photography and powerful storytelling, Vanity Fair, is the first choice for the world's most influential and important audience. From print to social media, the big screen to the smartphone, Vanity Fair is the arbiter of our era.






Glamour is for women who set the direction of her own life and lives it to its fullest. Its inspiration, ideas and guidance help her conquer her world with confidence and style. One in eight American women fill their lives with Glamour, she looks her best and does her best every day, every night and everywhere.










P1(d) Market position


Meaning and purpose:
Market Position: A market position is a ranking of a certain brand, product or company. In terms of it's sales volume relative to the sales volume of its competitors in the same market or industry.

Conde Nast is a magazine publishing company which started in 1909. 23 countries had published 130 type of magazines, in a year, there are a total of 3400000 magazines. In the world, Conde Nast has 8100 workers, attracting 95 million consumers across its industry-leading print, digital and video brands. Conde Nast goes in 13 new markets in 10 years between 1998 to 2007. Average annual start publication more than 8 type of magazines. Conde Nast's ranking is at the 5th in the magazine market. Conde Nast is a family business.

This table shows Market force ABC Market Sector Report from July to December in 2013. The table investigated by ABC illustrates the changes in the number of selling magazines of different companies like Glamour. Marie Claire and Elle in UK from July 2012 to December 2013. Glamour ranked first place with sells above 40 thousand magazines in total every 6 months. Although it remained the position as the leader for a long period but both its pop change and YOY change decreased. There was also a large gap between Glamour and Women&Home at about 6 thousand in amount. The reason why Glamour gained such as excellent score in the field of magazines might be directed customers to the youth age group.

Women & Home which obtained the second place, selling amount at about 35 thousand, combined by ABC. Its percentage of pop change and YOY change were nearly to 0%.

Marie Claire which had a previous place sold 256,238 magazines in total from July to December in 2012, but in the next two continuous periods of 6 months, its selling score dropped to about 23 thousand. Besides, the percentages of both pop change and YOY change were in a negative percentage.
Vogue magazine had a higher sale in total, above 20 thousand, but in the market of UK, Vogue had less customers. Besides, Vogue remained its value of design, its pop change was 1.8% and YOY change was -2.9%.



P1(e) Competitors

Meaning and purpose:
Competitors: Anyone or entity which is a rival against another. In business, companies in the same industry or a similar industry which offer similar product and service will compete with each other.
The competition also requires companies to become more efficient in order to reduce cost. 



ELLE magazine is published by Hachette Filipacchi , remained Vogue's biggest competitor. Vogue and ELLE are a quite same type of magazine. Hachette Filipacchi company is a competitor of Conde Nast. Hachette Filipacchi Médias, S.A. (HFM) is a magazine publishing company. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lagardere Media of France.



Marie Claire is an international monthly magazine for women. It started from France. Marie Claire is about women's fashion and is quite similar as vogue, Marie Marie Claire is Vogue's competitor as well.


Harper's Bazaar is an American women's fashion magazine, was first published in 1867. It is published by Hearst, as a magazine it considers itself to be the style resource for "women who are the first to buy the best, from casual to couture."

What makes Vogue unique?
Vogue has a league of its own, they work with the best people in the international industry, photographers, stylist, hair and make-up artist. They produce unique pieces and gained power over a long history to lure the most interesting creatives. Vogue has interviews with influential people, food and drinks reviews, hotels, travel features, beauty products and supermodel imagery. Vogue also work a great deal with the PR industry. 

This list is about the top magazines 
publications companies in the world.


P2(a-g) Analysis of a Media Product

MAGAZINE INDUSTRY: MAGAZINE ANALYSIS


VOGUE is a fashion and lifestyle magazine that is published monthly in 12 different national and region, editions by Condé Nast.




Masthead
The name of the magazine VOGUE is large and bold on the magazine page, it is the first thing the audiences notice. Although the colour of the Logo is bronze, it stands out by the shadow behind the text, there is also a contrast between the background and the logo. The masthead allows the reader to recognise the magazine. The typography of the masthead is serif as it is very formal, the colour is bronze/gold therefore it creates a feeling of elegant and clam.
The picture of Beyoncé overlaps the masthead, it is suggesting that Vogue is an extremely successful magazine, people will recognise the logo right away even part of it is covered.

Strap lines, Cover lines

The strap line of Vogue magazine - 
For the overwhelming minority. If it wasn't in VOGUE, it wasn't in vogue. Most of the famous and popular magazines do not put their strap lines (Slogans) on their cover page because they are already well known.
The cover lines use enticing sentences which Vogue have cleverly picked out to interest the readers.  The cover lines act as a summary of what is in the magazine. Such as
'Just B Beyoncé and the art of global domination.' 
'Fall Romance 832 Pages of wonderful looks'
Forces of fashion , the rule-breakers defining the way we dress now'

Style
The style of this magazine cover suggests that their product is in high quality and expensive. The reason is that they used Beyoncé as their front cover model, and she is a very famous celebrity that most people knows and loves. Also, Beyoncé is presented as the 'Queen' because many people love her songs and her style, lots of people admire her.

Image
The strong central image of this magazine cover is the model - Beyoncé. As Beyoncé is a very famous celebrity, she could bring out a very special image to the magazine. The way she looks at the camera is very fierce, her wet hair also represents calm and classy, this is one of the most important methods to attract the audiences. Her pose and her dress are elegant and show the beauty of a woman, and of course, most of the females want to look like her, so they would buy the magazine and follow her fashion trends.

Production Process
1. Create a production schedule
In the schedule, it should include, deadlines for when each story must be submitted to the editors, ample time for proofreading, a design schedule, enough time for editorial board to look over the magazine and to add comments, printing deadline and distribution date.

2. Create a content plan
Creating a content plan includes the front and back cover. This helps to plan the content of a magazine issue and to monitor the production process. Making sure that the plan is confirmed by all members of the editorial board. This part if the process might take more time.

3. Create a detailed plan for each story
What is the challenge it will address to your audience?
They have to consider what type of article will be the best fit for the audience. For creating a modular content, the audiences are constantly bombarded with the information, they tend to not read something that is long and unending text, so the editors has to make ways to make the content as visually appealing as possible. For creating a design mock-up, this helps to communicate the layout details with the authors. 


4. Proofread and edit stories
A headline is the most appealing to a magazine cover. It has to lead back to the magazine's content and theme.
Lead is an introduction to a story or an article, it should be short and fulfill two criteria, attracting a reader's attention, and telling them should they follow.
Body, it is to consider rather it's readable, does it make sense, does it have subheads to break up the text for clarity and are they using effective pull quotes.
For pictures, they have to make sure it is suitable for the magazine formats, for example, prints and images should be at least 300 dpi.

5. Design
The design has to make sure that it is logical and works with the overall design of the magazine as a whole. While putting together a magazine, print every page and reduce each one to about 40 percent of its final size. Hanging them on the walls, whiteboards and check, look, compare, and make nescessay changes.

Meaning of connotation:
an idea or a feeling which a word invokes for a person, and in addition to its literal or primary meaning.
Meaning of denotation:
The literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas which the word suggests.



History of Vogue magazine

- 1892 -
Vogue founded by Arthur Baldwin Turnure. Weekly publication of Vogue was intended for New York's elite residents. Featured reviews of plays, books and music. Rarely mentioned fashion - aside from advising what to wear elite events.

- 1909 -
Vogue is taken over by Conde Nast. Transformed Vogue into a women's high-fashion magazine. Encouraged Vogue's covers to be designed by the most talented illustrators and photographers.

- 1916 -
Conde Nast publishes British and French editions of Vogue.

- 1988 -
Anna Wintour becomes Editor-In-Chief at American Vogue. Anna chose to publish both political and cultural articles in Vogue as well as fashion.

- 2001 -
Anna Wintour produces the first issue of Teen Vogue.

- 2005 -
First men's edition of Vogue is produced.

- 2009 -
Documentary 'The September Issue' is released which gives a behind the scene insight into the making of Vogue and a personal insight into Anna Wintour. Described as world's most influential fashion magazine.


About Condé Nast

Editorial

Editorial excellence is the hallmark of Condé Nast, connecting our consumers to their desires, behaviors, life choices and passions. Each brand includes several editorial departments:  Features, Fashion, Travel, Beauty, Design, Entertainment, Art and Photo.

Advertising

Condé Nast employs top sellers and marketers who create integrated programs that connect advertisers with influential consumers through sophisticated research tools and marketing initiatives. Each brand has an advertising department comprised of Sales, Promotions, Merchandising and Marketing.  

Corporate 

Condé Nast's corporate departments work to support our company's mission to create, promote, market and sell our brands. Our corporate departments include:  Ad Operations, Consumer Marketing, Corporate Communications, Editorial Assets and Rights, Editorial Development Group, Finance, Human Resources, Licensing, Market Research, Office Services, Planning and Strategy, and Strategic Sourcing.

Technology

Condé Nast's Technology departments build the platforms and infrastructure to connect our brands to their audiences. Our technology departments include:  Engineering/Design, Project/Product Development, Enterprise Applications, Network/Systems Engineering, and Client Services/Support.

Entertainment

Condé Nast Entertainment (CNÉ) is a division of Condé Nast that focuses on the development, production and distribution of original television, feature film and digital video offerings based on the company’s iconic media brands. Our Entertainment departments include:  Creative, Product Design, Digital Operations, Engineering, Marketing, Production and Sales.

"For the overwhelming minority. If it wasn't in VOGUE, it wasn't in vogue."

P3(a-d) Demographics of the target audience

Audience

The target audiences are people in the fashion industry, art industry and mostly aim for female. There is also Teen vogue which aims for teenagers. Men's Vogue for men.

Here are some stats that I've found:


AUDIENCES ( For print )

GENDER:
Female - 82%
Male - 18%
(The reason why male readers have only 18% is because Vogue's audience are targetted in women, also there is a separate magazine for men, Vogue me. The 18% might be men that involve in the fashion industry, fashion design students, or a partner of a female reader, etc...) 

AGE
16-24 years - 36%
25-34 years - 36%
35-44 years - 16%
45+ years - 12%

Higher education - 60%
Work - 70%
Business owners, managers, specialists, white-collars - 58%
High income and above average - 75%

68% of readers consider Vogue is an authoritative adviser in choosing jewellery and luxury goods 

67% enjoy looking at advertising in Vogue

64% trust advertising in Vogue

61% of readers bought goods advertised in Vogue









Thos table is from the Vogue media pack, the table shows total readership is 1,237,000 people, 89% of  the total readership is women reader 1,099,000 people, 11% are men readers, overall the average of the audiences of this magazine are 39 years old.

The table shows Vogue website page impressions is 48,321,931. Female has the most views on the website, it is about 95%, and the average age of people to view the website 28 years old. 
From these age figures, the type of people purchasing vogue has a stable job and income. Vogue is a women's fashion magazine, most of these customers might be interested in fashion and want a high quality of lifestyle.
In the graph above it displays the average age of all readers are 38.5, most of them have a high income and well educated.